This can prove crucial in helping law enforcement agencies solve crimes and help the common public as many communities are now installing CCTVs to safeguard themselves.

Although CCTV cameras are helpful in providing the evidence of a crime, the quality of the image is negatively impacted on foggy or hazy days.

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In order to tackle this issue, a team of IIT Madras researchers led by Professor A.N. Rajagopalan, Institute Chair Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras proposed a new approach to increase the visibility of images degraded by haze.

The results of the work by IIT Madras researchers were published in the prestigious international peer-reviewed journal of IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

This is a major step forward in the area of computational photography and image processing.

‘Image de-hazing’ is beneficial even in personal and public transportation systems. Reducing the effect of haze is a very challenging problem, more so when only a single observation of the scene is available, he said.

Rajagopalan who led the IIT Madras researchers said now that we have a process in place which can yield almost haze-free images, surveillance can be done in a better way especially in winters or in mountainous regions.

After this successful research, we are looking at addressing heavy haze and other adverse weather conditions, he said.

The haziness in a scene as captured by a camera has a lot to do with how a human or a camera perceives an object or a scene.

The light first falls on the object and subsequently some of it gets absorbed by the object itself, and the rest is reflected back.

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The viewed or recorded image should ideally reveal the original colour contrast and brightness of the scene.

However, the medium between the object and the camera can decrease the amount of light which reaches the camera.

The particles in the atmospheric medium reflect ambient light which gets added to the directly transmitted component to produce a hazy effect in the captured image.

When there is haze or fog in the air, the suspended particles block the reflected light causing a shift in colours and poor contrast.

To add more, this also sometimes creates a white veil that results in bad picture quality.

To solve this issue, Prof. A.N. Rajagopalan and Dr. Srimanta Mandal, Postdoctoral Fellow, IIT Madras, devised a post-processing technique to mitigate the effect of haziness.

The scientists modelled portions of haze in the image from the standpoint of the image formation process itself.

They based their research on the premise that if an image is considered as comprising of several local patches, then the similarity with the neighbouring patches must relate to the similarity in depth of the image as well.

In case there are abrupt changes in patch similarity then it will typically imply changes in depth information too.

IIT Madras researchers stated that as the The scientists stated that as the degradation of image quality due to atmospheric conditions increases with depth, the patch similarity within a local neighbourhood can be used as a measure to estimate the parameters of a model that captures the effect of decrease in intensity of the image.

The parameter corresponding to haze component is computed by using non-local mean of patches which show abrupt changes.

Using a similar approach, the research team was also able to handle haziness in images taken in night-time or even underwater.

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An effort that is highly valuable, to get an opportunity to make that effort one has to pass NDA and NA exam and to pass that one needs a good study plan, this is where NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation comes into the picture.

Exam pattern

The first thing to do is to understand the exam pattern, this is really essential, understanding how the exam is conducted will help students form a good NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation strategy. Pattern of the exam is:

Before diving into NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation, it’s crucial to understand the exam pattern. The test consists of two sections:

1. Mathematics: 300 marks
2. General Ability Test: 600 marks

The total duration of the exam is 5 hours, and the questions are multiple-choice based.

Creating a NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation Plan

To develop an effective NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation plan, follow these steps:

1. Set realistic goals: Break down your study material into manageable chunks, and set achievable goals for each study session.

2. Identify your weaknesses: Focus on improving your weak areas, and allocate more time to those subjects.

3. Allocate time wisely: Divide your study time into two sections: Mathematics and General Ability Test.

Study Materials for NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation

To aid your NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation, utilize the following study materials:

1. NCERT textbooks: Focus on NCERT textbooks for Mathematics and General Ability Test, as they provide a solid foundation.

2. Reference books: Supplement your NCERT textbooks with reference books like RS Aggarwal, RD Sharma, and Lucent.

3. Online resources: Utilize online resources like Khan Academy, Unacademy, and BYJU’S for additional study materials.

Practice and Revision for NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation

Practice and revision are crucial components of NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation. Follow these tips:

1. Take mock tests: Regularly take mock tests to assess your knowledge, identify weak areas, and improve your time management skills.

2. Practice previous year’s papers: Practice previous year’s papers to get familiar with the exam pattern and question types.

3. Create revision notes: Create concise revision notes for each subject, highlighting key concepts and formulas.

Time Management for NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation

Effective time management is essential for NDA and NA Exam preparation. Follow these tips:

1. Create a schedule: Plan out your study schedule in advance, allocating specific times for each subject.

2. Use time-blocking: Divide your study time into focused blocks, eliminating distractions during each block.

3. Take breaks: Take regular breaks to avoid burnout and maintain a healthy work-life balance.

Staying Motivated for NDA and NA Exam Preparation

Staying motivated is crucial for NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation. Follow these tips:

1. Remind yourself of your goals: Keep your goals in mind, and remind yourself why you’re working towards NDA and NA Exam 2025.

2. Celebrate small victories: Reward yourself for small milestones achieved during your preparation journey.

3. Seek support: Surround yourself with supportive friends and family, and consider joining a study group for motivation.

Final Tips for NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation

1. Stay consistent: Consistency is key to success in NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation.

2. Practice under timed conditions: Practice solving questions under timed conditions to improve your speed and accuracy.

3. Stay positive: Maintain a positive attitude throughout your preparation journey.

By incorporating these final tips into your NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation strategy, you’ll be well on your way to achieving success.

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