The result
The results of the study, which involved Swinburne University of Technology (Australia) and The Netherlands based Delft University of Technology are useful in the design of novel RO (Reverse Osmosis) systems that utilize carbon nanotubes based membranes.

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The team also comprised Dr. Sridhar Kumar Kannam from Swinburne University of Technology, Australia and Dr. Remco Hartkamp, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.

Report
As per a report of NITI Aayog, 40 percent of Indian population will not have access to drinking water by the year 2030, and 21 major Indian cities, including Chennai and New Delhi, are at risk of running out of groundwater, which will impact around 100 million people, say IIT Madras researchers.

Scientific communities worldwide are looking out for ways how saline water in seas and oceans can be converted into freshwater for household and industrial use.

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As India has a long coastline of around 7,000 km, desalinating the seawater has been considered a solution to solve the country’s water woes. Though various desalination technologies exist in the market today, the high energy expenditure by these technologies restricts their widespread use, say IIT Madras researchers.

He further said in this context, advanced research on desalination has always aimed to reduce the energy consumption of the process. Mainly, two approaches were carried out.

The first one involves investigating novel methods that can effectuate desalination at high energy efficiency. Secondly, continuous improvement of the state-of-the-art energy-efficient desalination techniques.

Along with the latter idea, the highly efficient membrane-based desalination technique, reverse osmosis (RO), has been extensively studied for improvements.

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Practical applications
Practical applications of this work by IIT Madras researchers are:

Ø Solute solvent separation process

Ø Tunable membranes and/or selective transport (ion selectivity and drug delivery)

Ø Benchmarking bio-inspired nanopore geometries of various materials

Ø Water dynamics inside biological nanopores – for development of artificial organs

To solve this issue, IIT Madras researchers team took inspiration from nature, specifically biological systems for making efficient desalination membranes.

IIT Madras researchers observed that the hourglass shape of aquaporins – water channels in our cell membranes- helps in the simultaneous passage of water while excluding ions/salts from it and decided to check if the same structure enhances the desalination efficiency of carbon nanomaterial based membranes.

IIT Madras researchers team specifically found that how and why water conduction in carbon nanotubes is enhanced with the introduction of a conical or hourglass-shaped inlet.

Professor Sarith
Professor Sarith further said their study has opened up the inside view of water and ion permeation through nanoporous CNTs. They reveal the mechanisms responsible for the enhanced water permeation inside hourglass-shaped nanopores.

It is hence possible that the same mechanisms be reproduced in a different system of nanopores which can provide a higher desalination efficiency, said Professor Sarith.

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Secondly, ion rejection of the membrane is a crucial aspect when it comes to desalination through such nanoporous membranes. From our study, we find that the ion rejection is chiefly dependent on the CNT sizes.

Hence, it could be possible to conceive a nanopore geometry with a very high permeation capacity without compromising the ion rejection, he said.

Often it is seen that students come forward with great enthusiasm to step into the realms of higher education, but confusion as to what course to study often puts a students in a fix.

The story will deal with similarities, differences, eligibility and career prospects and so on in connection with MBA and MCom.

Those desiring to know more about MBA or MCom can browse various sources in online and offline fronts for in-depth information. Details are mentioned below for the sake of the students:

MBA or MCom in 2025? Similarities and Differences

While both courses share some similarities, they have distinct differences in terms of their focus, curriculum, and career prospects.

Similarities

1. Postgraduate degrees: Both MBA and MCom are postgraduate degrees that require a bachelor’s degree as a prerequisite.

2. Duration: Both courses typically have a duration of two years.

3. Theoretical and practical learning: Both courses offer a mix of theoretical and practical learning, with a focus on developing analytical, problem-solving, and communication skills.

Differences

1. Focus: MBA focuses on business management and administration, covering topics like finance, marketing, human resources, and operations. MCom, on the other hand, focuses on commerce and trade, covering topics like accounting, taxation, and financial management.

2. Curriculum: The curriculum for MBA and MCom differs significantly. MBA courses include subjects like organizational behavior, business strategy, and entrepreneurship, while MCom courses include subjects like advanced accounting, taxation laws, and financial management.

3. Career prospects: MBA graduates can pursue careers in management, consulting, finance, and entrepreneurship, among others. MCom graduates can pursue careers in accounting, taxation, financial management, and research, among others.

4. Entrance exams: The entrance exams for MBA and MCom also differ. MBA entrance exams like CAT, XAT, and GMAT are highly competitive, while MCom entrance exams like DUET, BHU PET, and JNU CEE are relatively less competitive.

5. Specializations: MBA courses offer a range of specializations like finance, marketing, human resources, and operations, while MCom courses offer specializations like accounting, taxation, and financial management.

MBA or MCom in 2025? Consider these factors

When choosing between MBA and MCom, consider the following factors:

1. Career goals: What are your career aspirations? If you want to pursue a career in business management, MBA might be the better choice. If you want to pursue a career in commerce and trade, MCom might be the better choice.

2. Interests: What are your interests? If you’re interested in business and management, MBA might be the better choice. If you’re interested in commerce and trade, MCom might be the better choice.

3. Skills: What are your skills? If you have strong analytical and problem-solving skills, MBA might be the better choice. If you have strong numerical and accounting skills, MCom might be the better choice.

Ultimately, the choice between MBA and MCom depends on one’s individual goals, interests, and skills.

Eligibility

There is more to it than meets the eye as far as MBA or MCom in 2025 is concerned. One of them is the eligibility criteria. Who can choose what course, MBA or MCom in 2025? The answers are below:

MCom

Those deciding for go for MCom in MBA or MCom in 2025 must fulfill the eligibility mentioned below:

1. Bachelor’s degree: You must have a Bachelor’s degree in Commerce or a related field (like BCom, BBA, or BBM) from a recognized university.

2. Minimum percentage: You must have secured a minimum percentage (usually 50% to 60%) in your Bachelor’s degree.

3. Entrance exams: Some universities require you to pass entrance exams like DUET, BHU PET, or JNU CEE.

MBA

Those who want to go for MBA, in MBA or MCom in 2025 have to have the criteria specified below:

1. Bachelor’s degree: You must have a Bachelor’s degree in any discipline (like BA, BSc, BCom, BTech, etc.) from a recognized university.

2. Minimum percentage: You must have secured a minimum percentage (usually 50% to 60%) in your Bachelor’s degree.

3. Entrance exams: Most MBA programs require you to pass entrance exams like CAT, XAT, GMAT, or MAT.

4. Work experience: Some MBA programs require or prefer candidates with work experience (usually 1-2 years).

Additional Requirements

1. Language proficiency: Some universities may require you to demonstrate language proficiency in English, especially if you’re an international student.

2. Other certifications: Some MBA programs may require or prefer candidates with additional certifications like CA, CS, or CFA.

As far as the information above in connection with MBA or MCom in 2025 is concerned, the above mentioned skills can be of use in both MBA and MCom, these skills will be of added advantage for students of both the courses.

Colleges for MBA or MCom in 2025

MBA or MCom in 2025 is the topic of discussion and then question that comes into one’s mind is that what are the some of the well-known colleges for studying MBA or MCom. The answer is mentioned below:

– Mumbai University, Mumbai: Offers a comprehensive MCom program with specializations in Accounting, Finance, and Management.

– University of Madras, Chennai: One of the oldest and most prestigious universities in India, offering a well-structured MCom program.

– University of Calcutta, Kolkata: A highly respected institution with a long history of academic excellence, offering a comprehensive MCom program.

– Osmania University, Hyderabad: A renowned institution in southern India, offering a well-structured MCom program with various specializations.

Other notable colleges offering MCom programs include:

– Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi

– Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh

– Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi

– Panjab University, Chandigarh

– University of Pune, Pune

These colleges offer a range of specializations, including Accounting, Finance, Management, and more.

It’s essential to research each college’s program, faculty, and placement opportunities to find the best fit for your academic and career goals.

MBA

IIMs

– IIM Ahmedabad

– IIM Bangalore

– IIM Calcutta

– IIM Lucknow

– IIM Indore

Non-IIMs

– Faculty of Management Studies (FMS), Delhi

– XLRI Jamshedpur

– SP Jain Institute of Management & Research (SPJIMR), Mumbai

– Management Development Institute (MDI), Gurgaon

– Indian School of Business (ISB), Hyderabad

Other notable colleges

– Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS), Mumbai

– Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management (SJMSOM), IIT Bombay

– Department of Management Studies (DMS), IIT Delhi

– Vinod Gupta School of Management (VGSoM), IIT Kharagpur

Fees

What else is required when it is about MBA or MCom in 2025? The fees, it is about the money one has to pay to study the course. The fees for both the courses are mentioned below for the sake of the students:

MCom

– Government Colleges: ₹1,000 to ₹5,000 per year

– Private Colleges: ₹10,000 to ₹50,000 per year

– Distance Education: ₹8,100 to ₹16,200 for the entire 2-year program

Some specific examples of MCom fees in top colleges in India are:

– Shri Ram College of Commerce: ₹50,000

– Hindu College: ₹25,800

– Hansraj College: ₹26,074

– Loyola College: ₹14,830

– Madras Christian College: ₹27,257

MBA

– IIMs: ₹17 lakh to ₹27 lakh

– Top Private Colleges: ₹10 lakh to ₹30 lakh

– Government Colleges: ₹1 lakh to ₹5 lakh

– Distance Education: ₹1.5 lakh to ₹2 lakh

Some specific examples of MBA fees in top colleges in India are:

– IIM Ahmedabad: ₹26.5 lakh

– IIM Bangalore: ₹26 lakh

– IIM Calcutta: ₹27 lakh

– XLRI Jamshedpur: ₹11.31 lakh

– FMS Delhi: ₹2.32 lakh

Keep in mind that these fees are subject to change and do not include additional expenses such as hostel fees, study materials, and other living expenses.

The fees are subject to change due to various reasons, students can visit the official websites of the institutions or can visit the institutions in person to know more about the fees.

Conclusion

MBA or MCom in 2025 are both courses with their own set of unique features, students can decided depending on their interest and career focus. A career in commerce can gets a boost on study of MCom, a career in corporate world or management world can be boosted through an MBA.

Choice between MBA or MCom in 2025 can be done considered the experience from professionals who have already proved their mettle in commerce or management sectors. Candidates also have to remember to have the required financial viability to study the courses.

Some of the institutions may be offering scholarships, candidates aiming for MBA or MCom in 2025 can also apply for these scholarships. The information can also be obtained from various online or offline sources with regards to MBA or MCom in 2025.

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