Researchers from IIT Guwahati in association with researchers from Max Planck Institute for Physics of Munich in Germany and Northwestern University of USA have revealed the clues.

The results of this work taken by researchers from IIT Guwahati in association with those Max Planck Institute of Physics and Northwestern University have been published in the journal ‘Physical Review Letters’

Researchers from IIT Guwahati were Dr. Sovan Chakraborty, Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati, along with his research scholar Ms. Madhurima Chakraborty.

Researchers from IIT Guwahati find great new clues about stars

The researcher from Max Planck Institute for Physics was Dr. Francesco Capozzi and researcher from Northwestern University was Dr. Manibrata Sen.

Supernovae, the super explosions at the time of death of large massive stars are considered to be the cradle of birth for new stars and synthesis of the heavy elements in nature.

At the end of their life, the stars, especially massive ones, collapse resulting in an immense shock wave that causes the star to explode, briefly outshining any other star in its host galaxy.

The study of supernovae and the particles they release helps us understand the universe because almost all matter that makes up the universe is a result of these massive explosions.

One of the researchers from IIT Guwahati Dr Sovan said however, the mechanism of these super explosions is not yet completely solved and has remained one of the enigmas of nature.

The solutions to the toughest challenges to the core collapse mechanism of the huge supernovae come from the tiniest subatomic particles called neutrinos, says Dr. Sovan, one of the researchers from IIT Guwahati.

During the core collapse supernova explosion, neutrinos are created in several particle processes.
Due to their neutral nature and extremely weak interaction with stellar matter the neutrinos escape the dying star and carry 99% energy of the collapsing star.

Thus the tiny neutrinos are the only messenger bringing information from the deepest interiors of the star.

The Nobel physics prize in 2002 was shared by Masatoshi Koshiba for the detection of neutrinos from the Supernova SN1987A at the Kamiokande neutrino detector situated in Japan.

Neutrinos on the other hand have their own complexities, says researchers from IIT Guwahati.

In the last seven decades after the discovery of neutrinos physicists have come a long way in understanding these incredible particles.

However, there are still many open questions like understanding their flavor structure and the ordering of the masses of different neutrinos.

In fact, supernovae are the only natural source where neutrinos and antineutrinos of all three species (electron, mu and tau ‘flavors’) are produced in substantial amounts.

This creates additional complexities. The researchers from IIT Guwahati and other further said the existing supernovae models predicted that the mu & tau neutrinos & antineutrinos have very similar properties and are considered as a single species.

One of the researchers from IIT Guwahati also said this information is very crucial for the reason that in the extremely dense supernovae core neutrinos interact with other neutrinos and may interchange flavors.

This conversion may happen rapidly (in nanosecond time scale) and flavor interchange can affect the supernovae process as the different flavors are emitted with different angular distribution, said Dr. Sovan, one of the researchers from IIT Guwahati.

‘These ’fast’ conversions are nonlinear in nature and are not confronted in any other neutrino sources but supernovae.’

We for the first time did a non-linear simulation of fast conversion with ‘all’ the three neutrino flavors in supernovae, he said.

This becomes possible as new supernova simulations show the presence of muons in the supernovae and in turn produce asymmetry between muon neutrinos and a antineutrinos, taken to be zero otherwise, implying three flavor effects.

Also read ‘Top engineering colleges in India are most preferred ones to study engineering, know where are they‘

These three flavor studies change the results dramatically in comparison to the existing two flavor results and can have major implications for particle and astrophysics of supernovae neutrinos, said Dr. Manibrata Sen.

Dr. Francesco Capozzi presently a postdoctoral fellow at the Virginia tech University, USA said the models used by researchers from IIT Guwahati, Max Planck and Northwestern University in their research work too have some simplifications, more generic studies are being done by our team and other competing groups.

The clearer answers will need more precise muon supernova simulations which are appearing to be one of the most promising solution to the problems of core collapse mechanism, he said.

one of the researchers from IIT Guwahati, Dr Chakraborty said three flavor studies are essential as the fast oscillations may actually influence the solution to the question, that is, why and how some massive stars die as supernovae and some don’t.

While this is for the first session of the test, candidates can apply for the second session also till 18 April 2025.

They can also choose to apply exclusively for second session later. BITSAT 2024 registration process for the second test will be open from 26 May to 10 June, 2025.

This is the test to be taken for those who wish to join graduation courses in BITS (Birla Institute of Technology and Science) which has campuses in Pilani, Goa, Hyderabad, Mumbai and Dubai.

BITSAT 2025 registration is now open for the first test session, candidates can apply for second session also now.

BITSAT 2024 registration process for the second test will be open from 26 May to 10 June, 2025. There is more to it than meets the eye.

Students have two options now, they can apply to write the test in the first session, those who wish to attempt the exam later, can submit BITSAT 2025 registration for the second session.

What is BITSAT 2025?

The full name of Birla Institute of Technology and Science Admission Test. It is popularly known in its shorter form BITSAT.

This is an institutional-level entrance test that is conducted twice a year. BITSAT 2025 is meant to be conducted this year. The first session is to happen from 26 May 2025 to 30 May 2025.

Second session of BITSAT 2025 will take place from 22nd June 2025 to 26th June 2025. It will be conducted online where answers have to be marked on a computer screen.

The format of questions is multiple choice, where each question will have more than one option and the right one has to be chosen to get the marks.

BITSAT will have questions related to Maths/Biology, Physics, English Proficiency, Logical Reasoning, Physics and Chemistry.

The applicants must study plus two from a recognized educational institution. Students focused on pharmacy courses must pass plus two with biology, physics and chemistry.

Those aiming for engineering courses have to study plus two with maths, physics and chemistry.

How to undertake BITSAT 2025 registration?

The process to take up BITSAT 2025 registration is online. Candidates have to visit the official website of the exam to submit applications.

The URL to reach the official website is ‘https://bitsadmission.com/’ The process is mentioned below:

1.The URL mentioned above has to be typed into the browser of the computer and submitted to allow the website to download.

2. Once the website is ready, candidates can scroll down the page and click the button BITSAT-2025: Click here to apply for BITSAT-2025

3. Clicking the above button will open another webpage with URL ‘https://cdn3.digialm.com/EForms/configuredHtml/1823/92362/Index.html?_gl=1*1ay7xdy*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3NDA2NjAyNDEuQ2p3S0NBaUF0NEMtQmhCY0Vpd0E4S3AwQ1J1MkVuRXVyRGw4NVJRRkVfTlBVRmo4R3JNRThsWTNnQ1RjcTJlMU1BTlgyM01hMXpPZWtob0NDQ2NRQXZEX0J3RQ..*_gcl_au*MTY3MDY1ODYzMC4xNzQwNjMwMjk0*_ga*MzE4NjUyODMuMTc0MDYzMDI5NA..*_ga_DYQ0HEBE5Z*MTc0MDY2MDI0MS4yLjEuMTc0MDY2MTEwNC42MC4wLjEwODQyNDkzMjU.’

4. Once the webpage with above URL opens, they can click the link for registration and create an account.

5. After creating an account, they can login and start BITSAT 2025 registration for the exam.

6. The registration fee has to be paid and then BITSAT 2025 registration form has to be submitted.

Link to submit BITSAT 2025 registration is here

How to download the hall ticket

Students who have successfully completed the process of submitting BITSAT 2025 registration alone can download hall tickets.

Also read – Top 20 BTech Colleges in India in 2024, NIRF 2024 Rankings

The process to download admit cards is online, candidates have to visit the official website. The URL to access the official website is ‘https://www.bitsadmission.com/’

The same for the second session are to be available for download from 20th June, 2025 to till the exam date.

The tests must be passed with the required qualifying marks for the next process which involves counselling and document verification.

Those who get a seat in the course of their choice can convey their acceptance and pay the fees and join the classes.

Details about the admission procedure, courses offered and facilities provided can be obtained from the official website.

The institution has created a space for itself on the field of higher learning.