Researchers at IITM who worked towards developing strategies for imporving braking performance are
Professor C.S. Shankar Ram of Department of Engineering Design at IIT Madras and his PhD student Dr. V.S. Kesavan.

The work of researchers at IITM could help implement a braking system in Electrified Vehicles, which can improve the stopping distance and ride comfort in the presence of regenerative braking.

Researchers at IITM work for improving great performance

Although such strategies have been developed for lighter road vehicles, there is a lack of strategies through which the braking performance of heavy commercial road vehicles (such as buses and trucks) can be improved through ‘regenerative braking,’ say researchers at IITM.

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Professor Shankar said given the increasing adoption of electrified heavy road vehicles, it is imperative to study their dynamic response during on-road operation.

Brakes are used to ensure safe operation of vehicles, and this research focusses on the braking of electrified heavy road vehicles, he said.

Speaking further about braking system, researchers at IITM said there are two types – Friction Based Braking System and Regenerative Braking System.

Friction Based Braking system is where the drivers in conventional fossil fuel based heavy vehicles uses brake pedal to regulate a pneumatic system whose output force is used to stop the vehicle using friction braking, said researchers at IITM.

The kinetic energy of the vehicle due to its moving state is converted to heat energy.

Thus, a part of the energy obtained from burning the fuel is wasted in the form of heat energy dissipated during friction braking.

The regenerative braking does not turn sufficient in all conditions, said researchers at IITM.

When the battery is fully charged or when the speed of it goes down beyond a particular limit, regenerative braking is not available, total brake force has to be applied only through friction braking, said researchers at IITM.

Researchers at IITM said taking into consideration the above situation, both the braking systems – friction braking system and regenerative braking system must be used in a cooperative manner so that energy is also conserved and vehicle also stops within a reasonable distance.

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If cooperative braking system is used, electrified vehicles could get the best of both the systems.

However, the question is how to ensure both the systems work efficiently so that vehicles stop within a reasonable distance with no jerks experienced during the shift between the two braking systems for good ride comfort, said researchers at IITM.

Professor C.S. Shankar Ram said due to the faster response of regenerative braking, its switch-off can cause momentary perturbations in vehicle’s deceleration and its associated vehicle dynamic parameters until the friction brake system increases its brake pressure to meet the desired brake demand from the driver.

This situation disturbs the driver’s brake feel momentary due to the difference in the dynamic response characteristics of these two braking systems, he said.

The researchers at IITM tried to understand what happens when both the braking systems are applied together in heavy vehicles.

Also, researchers at IITM evaluated how braking performance is affected when the regenerative brake is switched off instantaneously and gradually.

Researchers at IITM studied the effects of these strategies on both laden and unladen heavy road vehicles and considered two types of roads, i.e., dry and icy.

Various strategies were evaluated through appropriate experiments performed in a Hardware-in-Loop experimental setup equipped with ‘IPG TruckMaker’, a commercially-used vehicle dynamic simulation software.

What was the result? Researchers at IITM found out that on a dry road, use of both brake systems reduced the vehicle stopping distance by 2.1 m (about half a car’s length).

Researchers at IITM also found that when the regenerative braking was switched-off gradually, the effect of different dynamic characteristics of friction brake and regenerative brake reduces the percentage of momentary variation in the longitudinal deceleration by 80%.

In the pitch motion by 79%, in the suspension deflection by 87% and in the wheel slip ratio by 90% compared with instantaneous switch-off.

These provide better driver braking feel, ride comfort and vehicle stability.

Hence, the strategies developed by this study will ensure that one can get good ride comfort along with meeting desired brake demand and is therefore important for consideration by the electrified vehicle market.

Researchers at IITM expect that the vehicle dynamic performance during active braking control would improve due to smooth dynamic transition between friction braking and regenerative braking which would help in the appropriate design of active safety systems for electrified vehicles.

Passing NEET UG 2025 is essential for entry into not only MBBS, but also BDS,  BVSc & AH, BSc Nursing, BAMS, BUMS, and BHMS, so needless to say, it is must to have a good NEET UG 2025 preparation strategy.

This article on NEET UG 2025 preparation is a comprehensive guide that aims to provide all the answers to the issues mentioned above.

The big question to bother us all is how to commence our preparation? Where to make a start? This story on NEET UG 2025 preparation tries to answer all that questions.

Exam pattern

The first step would be to know the exam pattern of NEET UG 2025, in order to prepare a study plan, it is essential for you to know the way the popular test is conducted. The test consists of three sections:

1. Physics: 45 questions
2. Chemistry: 45 questions
3. Biology: 90 questions

The total duration of the exam is 3 hours, and the questions are multiple-choice based. Students need to study all the three subjects well as a part of NEET UG 2025 preparation.

Creating a NEET UG 2025 Preparation Plan

To develop an effective NEET UG 2025 preparation plan, follow these steps:

1. Set realistic goals: Break down your study material into manageable chunks, and set achievable goals for each study session.

2. Identify your weaknesses: Focus on improving your weak areas, and allocate more time to those subjects.

3. Allocate time wisely: Divide your study time into three sections: Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

Study Materials for NEET UG 2025 Preparation

To aid your NEET UG 2025 preparation, utilize the following study materials:

1. NCERT textbooks: Focus on NCERT textbooks for all three subjects, as they provide a solid foundation for NEET UG.

2. Reference books: Supplement your NCERT textbooks with reference books like MTG, Arihant, and Cengage.

3. Online resources: Utilize online resources like Khan Academy, Unacademy, and NEETprep for additional study materials.

Practice and Revision for NEET UG 2025 Preparation

Practice and revision are crucial components of NEET UG 2025 preparation. Follow these tips:

1. Take mock tests: Regularly take mock tests to assess your knowledge, identify weak areas, and improve your time management skills.

2. Practice previous year’s papers: Practice previous year’s papers to get familiar with the exam pattern and question types.

3. Create revision notes: Create concise revision notes for each subject, highlighting key concepts and formulas.

1. Create a schedule: Plan out your study schedule in advance, allocating specific times for each subject.

2. Use time-blocking: Divide your study time into focused blocks, eliminating distractions during each block.

3. Take breaks: Take regular breaks to avoid burnout and maintain a healthy work-life balance.

Staying Motivated for NEET UG 2025 Preparation

Staying motivated is crucial for NEET UG 2025 preparation. Follow these tips:

1. Remind yourself of your goals: Keep your goals in mind, and remind yourself why you’re working towards NEET UG 2025.

2. Celebrate small victories: Reward yourself for small milestones achieved during your preparation journey.

3. Seek support: Surround yourself with supportive friends and family, and consider joining a study group for motivation.

Remember to stay focused, motivated, and committed to your goals. With persistence and perseverance, you’ll achieve success in NEET UG 2025.

Please remember that nothing highlights you like your success, tasting success happens only when you prepare for the exam well, to do that, you need to have a good NEET UG 2025 preparation plan, have a plan and read well to succeed in the exam.

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