This tapeworm is responsible for both intestinal infections and the more severe brain infection that leads to seizures. Their research, conducted in collaboration with scientists from Dayanand Medical College and Hospital in Punjab and the CSIR-Institute for Himalayan Bioresource Technology in Himachal Pradesh, presents a novel, faster, and more effective approach to producing vaccines for challenging infectious diseases, say IIT Mandi researchers.

It contributes to 30% of epilepsy cases in developing nations, rising to 45%-50% in areas with poor hygiene and free-roaming pigs. In North India, brain infection prevalence is alarmingly high at 48.3%.

WHO’s “2030 Roadmap of Priority Neglected Tropical Diseases” aims to combat T. solium and similar infections affecting 1.5 billion people globally, say IIT Mandi researchers.

Common approach

While the mass administration of deworming drugs such as Albendazole and Praziquantel has been a common approach, it has encountered challenges, including reduced public participation and an increased risk of drug resistance.

As a result, this method has not achieved the desired results, say IIT Mandi researchers.

Vaccines

Traditionally, tapeworm vaccines have been developed using products or antigens derived from tapeworm eggs or larvae. However, these methods are not always reliable and can be time-consuming, say IIT Mandi researchers.

Injecting the entire tapeworm or parts of the tape worm to kick start the body’s immune system is not a safe or practical approach. A better and safer method is to inject only specific protein fragments from the tapeworm into the human.

This approach minimizes side effects and prevents the tapeworm from developing resistance to the vaccine, say IIT Mandi researchers.

Identification

The identification of the right protein fragment with strong vaccination potential is a painstaking and time-consuming process. A more innovative and efficient approach is needed to expedite progress in tapeworm vaccine development and the IIT Mandi researchers used a combination of protein studies and bio-informatics to develop a method of selection.

Then, they analyzed these antigens using immune-informatics tools to find safe and effective protein fragments. They combined these fragments to create a multi-part vaccine, taking into account factors such as size, stability, and compatibility with the immune system, said Dr Amit who led IIT Mandi researchers.

Immune receptors

IIT Mandi researchers discovered that the vaccine interacted effectively with immune receptors and should stimulate the body’s defense system efficiently.

This research establishes a foundation for developing vaccines against neglected tropical diseases caused by similar parasites in the future, say IIT Mandi researchers.

Further animal and clinical studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this promising vaccine candidate.

This concentrated effort may provide a new tool for healthcare workers to combat neurocysticercosis and could serve as a model for addressing other neglected tropical diseases.

The details of this work have been published in the USA’s Journal of Cellular Biochemistry and co-authored by Dr. Rimanpreet Kaur, Prof. Gagandeep Singh, Dr. Naina Arora, Dr. Rajiv Kumar, Mr. Suraj S. Rawat, and Dr. Amit Prasad. The paper may be accessed at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcb.30467.

Both are two great academic programs that prepare students for a career related to the marine world.

While these two courses offer knowledge and skill set required to commence careers related to the marine world, but there is enough confusion among the students when it comes to choosing the courses.

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering Eligibility

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering eligibility is about the criteria students must fulfill to be eligible to apply for these courses. More information about Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering eligibility criteria is mentioned below:

– Marine Engineering: Pass your 10+2 examinations with a minimum of 60% marks in physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

– Ocean Engineering: Pass your 10+2 examinations with a minimum of 60% marks in physics, chemistry, and mathematics, with a strong foundation in biology and environmental science.

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering differences

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering differences is about unique points related to both of these academic programs. These points differentiate both the courses from each other and are not common between them. Details regarding Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering differences are provided below:

– Marine Engineering: Focuses on the design, construction, and maintenance of ships, boats, and other marine vessels.

– Ocean Engineering: Focuses on the design, construction, and maintenance of offshore platforms, pipelines, and other ocean-based infrastructure.

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering similarities

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering similarities is about those points that are common to both the academic programs. These points feature equally in both the courses. Details about Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering are provided below:

– Interdisciplinary Approach: Both fields require an interdisciplinary approach, combining principles from engineering, physics, mathematics, and environmental science.

– Problem-Solving Skills: Both fields require strong problem-solving skills, with an emphasis on analytical thinking, creativity, and innovation.

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering course lessons

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering course lessons is about the subjects that would be taught to students of these courses. The details are mentioned below for the sake of the students:

– Marine propulsion systems

– Ship stability and dynamics

– Marine electrical systems

Ocean Engineering:

– Oceanography and marine geology

– Offshore platform design and construction

– Pipeline engineering

– Coastal engineering and management

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering admission process

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering admission process is about the procedure to be followed by educational institutions to admit students into these courses.

Information regarding Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering admission process is mentioned below for the sake the students. The admission process involves:

– Entrance Exams: Appear for entrance exams like JEE Main, JEE Advanced, or state-level exams.

– Counseling: Participate in counseling sessions conducted by the respective colleges or universities.

– Seat Allocation: Secure a seat in a reputable college based on your entrance exam scores and counseling sessions.

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering colleges

This is about the educational institutions offering the courses, these colleges are located across India and are quite popular. Details are mentioned below for the sake of the students:

Marine Engineering

South India

– Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi

– Indian Maritime University, Chennai

– HIMT College, Chennai

– CMC, Coimbatore

East India

– C.V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar

– MAKAUT, Kolkata

– Lovely Professional University

– Chandigarh University

West India

– Marine Engineering and Research Institute, Mumbai

– Ganpat University, Mehsana

Ocean Engineering

South India

– Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM)

– Academy of Maritime Education and Training University (AMET)

– Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT)

East India

– Indian Maritime University (IMU), Kolkata

– The Neotia University

West India

– Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB)

– Ganpat University

Other Notable Colleges

– National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK)

– Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering

Fees

This is the amount to be paid while studying the course, while marine engineering may cost Rs 40,000 to Rs 1,00,000 per year, the same for ocean engineering likely stands at Rs 55,000 to Rs 2,00,000 per year.

Points to remember

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering are two great courses, details provided above are general in nature and are meant to provide basic guidance to students when it comes to choosing the courses.

The information has been provided after approaching various sources in both online and offline platforms, there may be changes due to various reasons with regards to fees, course names, course continuity, colleges offering the courses and so on.

Students willing to know more information with regards to Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering may also refer various sources to get details.

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