This novel microbial fermentation process can be an economically-efficient method of production to fulfil the market demand at large scale, say IIT Madras researchers.

IIT Madras researchers find great alternative source

More than a dozen derivatives and conjugates of Camptothecin are under various stages of clinical trials for anti-cancer applications, say IIT Madras researchers.

Nearly 1,000 tons of plant material is required to extract just one ton of Camptothecin.

Due to extensive overharvesting to meet the market demand both these plants are now critically endangered.

The N. nimmoniana population has seen more than a 20% decline in the last decade alone.

IIT Madras Researchers have now developed an alternative method of Camptothecin production to meet the demand and conserve the natural sources.

To this effect, IIT Madras researchers developed a microbial fermentation process that can be an economically efficient and sustainable method of production to fulfil the market demand at large scale.

IIT Madras researchers were led by Dr. Smita Srivastava, Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology at IIT Madras.

Speaking about the work takenup by IIT Madras researchers Dr. Smita said the novelty of the work lies in the fact that unlike other potential microbial strains reported, this strain has been found to show sustainable production even beyond 100 generations.

The plan now is to use the isolated novel strain for the development of a microbial fermentation based sustainable bioprocess for large scale in vitro production of Camptothecin, preferably in collaboration with interested Industrial partner, said IIT Madras researchers.

Cancer is a leading cause of death across the globe and India does not remain an exemption to this, said IIT Madras researchers.

It is projected that by 2026, the new cancer cases in India annually would reach 0.93 million in male and 0.94 million in female patients, according to a study published in Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.

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The other members of the team of IIT Madras researchers are:

$ Professor Suresh Kumar Rayala, Professor, Department of Biotechnology, IIT Madras.

$ Mr. Khwajah Mohinudeen, PhD Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, IIT Madras

$ Mr. Rahul Kanumuri, SRF, Department of Biotechnology, IIT Madras.

$ Ms. KN. Soujanya, Researcher, School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru.

$ Ms R. Uma Shaanker, Professor, School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru.

Speaking about the applications of the work done by IIT Madras researchers, Professor Suresh Kumar Rayala of Biotechnology department at IIT Madras said preliminary investigations on breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer cell lines revealed that the microbial extract demonstrates a potent cytotoxic effect on lung cancer (H1299), ovarian cancer (SKOV3) and colorectal cancer (HT29; Caco-2) cell lines, comparable to the standard Camptothecin.

IIT Madras researchers from the Plant Cell Bioprocessing laboratory at IIT Madras have been able to successfully isolate the highest-yielding strain of Camptothecin reported to date with sustainable production up to reactor level, he said.

In addition to isolating a novel microbial source for bioprocess development for the large scale production of Camptothecin, we have also come up with a rapid screening technique for isolation of high Camptothecin yielding microbial strains from plants, say IIT Madras researchers.

Camptothecin, the third most in-demand alkaloid, is commercially extracted in India from the endangered plant, Nothapodytes nimmoniana.

Endophytes, the microorganisms that reside within plants, are reported to have the ability to produce host-plant associated metabolites.

Hence, this research aims to establish a sustainable and high Camptothecin yielding endophyte, as an alternative source for commercial production of Camptothecin, said IIT Madras researchers.

Both are two great academic programs that prepare students for a career related to the marine world.

While these two courses offer knowledge and skill set required to commence careers related to the marine world, but there is enough confusion among the students when it comes to choosing the courses.

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering Eligibility

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering eligibility is about the criteria students must fulfill to be eligible to apply for these courses. More information about Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering eligibility criteria is mentioned below:

– Marine Engineering: Pass your 10+2 examinations with a minimum of 60% marks in physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

– Ocean Engineering: Pass your 10+2 examinations with a minimum of 60% marks in physics, chemistry, and mathematics, with a strong foundation in biology and environmental science.

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering differences

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering differences is about unique points related to both of these academic programs. These points differentiate both the courses from each other and are not common between them. Details regarding Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering differences are provided below:

– Marine Engineering: Focuses on the design, construction, and maintenance of ships, boats, and other marine vessels.

– Ocean Engineering: Focuses on the design, construction, and maintenance of offshore platforms, pipelines, and other ocean-based infrastructure.

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering similarities

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering similarities is about those points that are common to both the academic programs. These points feature equally in both the courses. Details about Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering are provided below:

– Interdisciplinary Approach: Both fields require an interdisciplinary approach, combining principles from engineering, physics, mathematics, and environmental science.

– Problem-Solving Skills: Both fields require strong problem-solving skills, with an emphasis on analytical thinking, creativity, and innovation.

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering course lessons

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering course lessons is about the subjects that would be taught to students of these courses. The details are mentioned below for the sake of the students:

– Marine propulsion systems

– Ship stability and dynamics

– Marine electrical systems

Ocean Engineering:

– Oceanography and marine geology

– Offshore platform design and construction

– Pipeline engineering

– Coastal engineering and management

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering admission process

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering admission process is about the procedure to be followed by educational institutions to admit students into these courses.

Information regarding Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering admission process is mentioned below for the sake the students. The admission process involves:

– Entrance Exams: Appear for entrance exams like JEE Main, JEE Advanced, or state-level exams.

– Counseling: Participate in counseling sessions conducted by the respective colleges or universities.

– Seat Allocation: Secure a seat in a reputable college based on your entrance exam scores and counseling sessions.

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering colleges

This is about the educational institutions offering the courses, these colleges are located across India and are quite popular. Details are mentioned below for the sake of the students:

Marine Engineering

South India

– Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi

– Indian Maritime University, Chennai

– HIMT College, Chennai

– CMC, Coimbatore

East India

– C.V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar

– MAKAUT, Kolkata

– Lovely Professional University

– Chandigarh University

West India

– Marine Engineering and Research Institute, Mumbai

– Ganpat University, Mehsana

Ocean Engineering

South India

– Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM)

– Academy of Maritime Education and Training University (AMET)

– Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT)

East India

– Indian Maritime University (IMU), Kolkata

– The Neotia University

West India

– Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB)

– Ganpat University

Other Notable Colleges

– National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK)

– Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering

Fees

This is the amount to be paid while studying the course, while marine engineering may cost Rs 40,000 to Rs 1,00,000 per year, the same for ocean engineering likely stands at Rs 55,000 to Rs 2,00,000 per year.

Points to remember

Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering are two great courses, details provided above are general in nature and are meant to provide basic guidance to students when it comes to choosing the courses.

The information has been provided after approaching various sources in both online and offline platforms, there may be changes due to various reasons with regards to fees, course names, course continuity, colleges offering the courses and so on.

Students willing to know more information with regards to Marine Engineering vs Ocean Engineering may also refer various sources to get details.

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