They have done this by using a using a novel, data-driven approach based on the interdisciplinary methodology of complex networks in an article titled ‘Study of Interaction and Complete Merging of Binary Cyclones Using Complex Networks’ published in Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science (https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0101714).

The tremendous havoc and destruction of life and property by these cyclones pose a serious threat to the predominantly agro-based economies of tropical countries.

Research areas

One of these important research areas is what happens when two tropical cyclones, in the same hemisphere, are close to each other.

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In this case, as one cyclone starts affecting the other and vice-versa (this interaction is referred to as “Fujiwhara interaction” by meteorologists), there can be number of possible outcomes — their trajectories and/or strengths may suddenly change, or they can merge to form a much stronger cyclone.

Binary interaction

Such binary interaction of cyclones has neither been completely understood nor fully incorporated in weather prediction models, and therefore leads to erroneous forecasts, say sources from IIT Madras.

Such inaccurate forecasts increase the threat to life and property due to unpreparedness caused by misinformation and the lack of early warning, say sources from IIT Madras.

Network

A complex network encodes the pattern of interaction of a complex system, and can be directly applied to study the Fujiwhara interaction between two cyclonic vortices.

Indicators derived from this methodology were found to clearly distinguish the different stages of mutual interaction between two cyclones and provide an early indication of cyclone merger, often better than conventionally used indicators such as the separation distance between two cyclones, say researchers from IIT Madras.

Approach

Dr. Somnath De, the lead author of this study, said “We believe that this network-based approach can be used to study binary cyclone interactions from observational or model-based relative vorticity data to obtain better insights on the possibility of cyclone merger.

It paves the path to analyze such highly unusual/rare events in which sudden alteration of cyclone tracks or re-strengthening occurs, on a case-by-case basis, and facilitate improved prediction of cyclone tracks and the fate of such interactions, he said.

ABOUT IIT MADRAS

Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM) was established in 1959 by the Government of India as an ‘Institute of National Importance.’

The activities of the Institute in various fields of Science and Technology are carried out in 17 academic departments and several advanced interdisciplinary research academic centres.

The Institute offers undergraduate and postgraduate programmes leading to B.Tech., M.Sc., M.B.A., M.Tech., M.S., and Ph.D., degrees in a variety of specialisations.

IIT Madras is a residential institute with more than 600 faculty and 9,500 students. Students from 18 countries are enrolled here.

IITM fosters an active entrepreneurial culture with strong curricular support and through the IITM Incubation Cell.

Recognized as an Institution of Eminence (IoE) in 2019, IITM has been ranked No.1 in the ‘Overall’ Category for the fifth consecutive year in India Ranking 2023 released by National Institutional Ranking Framework, Ministry of Education, Govt. of India.

The Institute has also been ranked No.1 in the ‘Engineering Institutions’ category in the same Rankings for eight consecutive years – from 2016 to 2023.

It was also adjudged as the ‘Top innovative Institution’ in the country in Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements (ARIIA) in 2019, 2020 and 2021. ARIIA Ranking was launched by the Innovation Cell of Ministry of Education.

Needless to say, studying medicine at graduation starts with passing NEET UG 2025, Biology is one of the important subjects from which lot of questions would be asked in the exam.

Having a plan is not that easy, there is a lot of effort that goes behind it, one has to know the subject, they have to know what kind of questions would be asked in the test, what to study and how to study and so on.

While this story on studying Biology for NEET UG 2025 is focused on NEET UG to be held in 2025, however, the real essence of this story is not limited to NEET UG for 2025 alone, it is broadly applicable to studying the subject for the competitive exam to held every year.

More details about studying Biology for NEET UG 2025 is mentioned below for the sake of the students:

Understanding the NEET UG Biology Syllabus

Before diving into Biology or moving towards studying biology for NEET UG 2025, it’s essential to understand the NEET UG 2025 syllabus. The Biology section is divided into two parts:

1. Botany: 47 questions

2. Zoology: 53 questions

Plan for Studying Biology For NEET UG 2025

To develop an effective study plan for NEET UG Biology, follow these steps:

1. Set realistic goals: Break down your study material into manageable chunks, and set achievable goals for each study session.

2. Identify your weaknesses: Focus on improving your weak areas, and allocate more time to those topics.

3. Allocate time wisely: Divide your study time into two sections: Botany and Zoology.

To aid your NEET UG Biology preparation, utilize the following study materials:

1. NCERT textbooks: Focus on NCERT textbooks for Botany and Zoology, as they provide a solid foundation.

2. Reference books: Supplement your NCERT textbooks with reference books like MTG, Arihant, and Cengage.

3. Online resources: Utilize online resources like Khan Academy, Unacademy, and BYJU’S for additional study materials.

Tips for Studying Biology for NEET UG 2025

Here are some tips to help studying Biology NEET UG 2025:

1. Understand the concepts: Focus on understanding the underlying concepts rather than just memorizing facts.

2. Use diagrams and illustrations: Diagrams and illustrations can help you visualize complex biological processes and retain information better.

3. Practice, practice, practice: Practice solving questions and taking mock tests to assess your knowledge and identify weak areas.

4. Review and revise regularly: Regular review and revision are crucial to retaining information and building a strong foundation in Biology.

Important Topics For Studying Biology For NEET UG 2025

What are to be studied in biology as a part of preparation for NEET UG? The answers are provided below and students studying Biology for NEET UG 2025 must remember these topics:

1. Cell Biology: Cell structure, cell division, and cell signaling.

2. Genetics: Mendel’s laws, DNA structure, and gene expression.

3. Evolution: Charles Darwin’s theory, natural selection, and speciation.

4. Ecology: Ecosystems, biodiversity, and environmental issues.

5. Human Physiology: Human body systems, organs, and tissues.

Remember to stay focused, motivated, and committed to your goals. With persistence and perseverance, one will achieve success in NEET UG 2025.

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