IIT Madras 2020: Great use of metamaterials for better detection of defects

IIT Madras 2020: Great use of metamaterials for better detection of defects
Published at : 22 Jul 2020, 12:02 AM IST
Updated at : 23 Jul 2020, 2:04 PM IST

IIT Madras and University of Nairobi researchers have used metamaterials to improve detection of defects in large structures like buildings and pipelines with help of guided wave ultrasound.

The results of the work done by IIT Madras and University of Nairobi has recently been published in the international reputed peer-reviewed journal AIP Advances.

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IIT Madras

Many large engineering structures require periodic testing to prevent catastrophic failures that can occur due to corrosion and strain.

High-frequency sound waves that travel in the bulk (bulk ultrasound) are widely used for non-invasive and non-destructive testing of structural materials.

But the traditional bulk ultrasonic inspection is tedious and time-consuming, as it involves point-by-point assessment of structures and this is especially challenging in large-scale assets.

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Although ultrasound guided by features such as plates, bars, wires, pipes etc. is an attractive alternative, such ‘guided ultrasound’ is limited by resolution due to the relatively lower frequencies used.

Professor Prabhu Rajagopal of IIT Madras said the use of ultrasound scans in medical diagnostics is well-known and the principle remains the same for structural monitoring.

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Prabhu further said in conventional bulk ultrasound-based testing, the sound waves are sent into the sample, say pipe or pillar, perpendicular to the item, and a detector calculates the time interval between the transmission and reception of the sound waves that are either transmitted or reflected.

Sound waves travel at a uniform speed if the object is defect-free, but defects impede or deflect sound waves, which results in delays in reception.

Conventional ultrasound-based testing must be made at multiple regions of the test material and is therefore cumbersome to be used with large objects such as train tracks, oil-pipelines and reinforcing structures of tall buildings, among others

This is where Guided Wave Testing (GWT) helps. In GWT, the sound waves are sent along the length of the structure rather than into the structure.

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This allows the waves to travel long distances. GWT has poorer resolution than conventional ultrasound-based testing due to diffraction limitations.

IIT Madras

Professor Prabhu Rajagopal of IIT Madras and his research team put to use metamaterials to improve the resolution of guided ultrasound waves.

Metamaterials are artificially crafted materials with unique internal microstructures that give them properties not found in nature, explains Dr. Rajagopal.
The constituent artificial units of the metamaterial can be tailored in shape, size, and interatomic interaction, to exhibit unusual properties, he said.

Acoustic metamaterials are useful in manipulating sound waves. The Researchers used a metamaterial structure consisting of a series of periodically arranged channels.

With proper selection of channel size, length, and periodicity of the metamateiral, the evanescent waves arising from scattering by a defect can be magnified by a process called Fabry–Pérot resonance.

Resonance is a phenomenon in which a wave, in this case, the ultrasound wave, is amplified due to a match in frequency between the wave and the frequency generated by the metamaterial.

Sharing his experience on the project, John Birir said his work in the oil and gas industry in Kenya as a certified NDT inspector gave me a first-hand experience on the limitations of some of the inspection methods in the market.

Working with my guides Professor Prabhu Rajagopal and Professor Michael Gatari, we came up with ideas of how we can eliminate some of the limitations.

John Birir said the MoU between UoN and IIT Madras gave him access to state-of-the-art research equipment that enabled us to design experiments to implement one of the ideas we had on super-resolution imaging.

Working with the research team at CNDE (Center for Non-Destructive Evaluation) at IIT Madras with their diverse experiences and skill sets (not to mention the many sleepless nights spent at the lab) we finally designed and developed a metamaterial that brings resolution of guided waves to a whole new level.

I am very grateful for this international collaboration that has brought us to where we are today, he said.

IIT Madras

Its success in two and a half years is worth recognition, widely, as an admirable example of what commitment can achieve in terms of not only technology transfer but support of the needy institutions in research capacity building and facilitation of research infrastructure, he said.

The researchers used an aluminium bar with side-drilled holes as the test sample. The holes were the defects that had to be detected. The specially fabricated metamaterial was placed just above the holes.

The transmitter was placed at the end farthest from the holes, and the receiver, close to the holes. The metamaterial resulted in detection of the holes with improved resolution down to 1/72 of the operating wavelength, which is the highest reported worldwide, for the ultrasonic domain.

This level of resolution makes GWT comparable to bulk ultrasonic testing with the added advantage of longer range.

Moreover, with skilful use of frequency, this approach also offers the tantalizing prospect of a guided ultrasonic microscope with radical benefits for remote diagnostics.

About IIT Madras

IIT Madras was established in 1959 by the Government of India as an ‘Institute of National Importance.’ The activities of the Institute in various fields of Science and Technology are carried out in 16 academic departments and several advanced interdisciplinary research academic centres.

The Institute offers undergraduate and postgraduate programmes leading to B.Tech., M.Sc., M.B.A., M.Tech., M.S., and Ph.D., degrees in a variety of specialisations. IIT Madras is a residential institute with more than 580 faculty and 9,500 students. Students from 18 countries are enrolled here.

IIT Madras fosters an active entrepreneurial culture with strong curricular support and through the IITM Incubation Cell.

IIT Madras has been ranked No.1 in the ‘Overall’ Category for the second consecutive year in India Ranking 2020 released by National Institutional Ranking Framework, Ministry of Human Resources Development, Govt. of India.

The Institute has also been ranked No.1 in the Engineering Institutions category in the same rankings for five consecutive years – 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. It was also adjudged as the ‘Top innovative Institution’ in the country in the Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements (ARIIA) 2019 launched by Innovation Cell of MHRD.

 

S.
S. Vishnu Sharma

S Vishnu Sharmaa now works with collegechalo.com in the news team. His work involves writing articles related to the education sector in India with a keen focus on higher education issues. Journalism has always been a passion for him. He has more than 10 years of enriching experience with various media organizations like Eenadu, Webdunia, News Today, Infodea. He also has a strong interest in writing about defence and railway related issues.

VITEEE 2025 Registration On Till 7 April 2025: All Details Provided Here

VITEEE 2025 Registration On Till 7 April 2025: All Details Provided Here
Published at : 4 Apr 2025, 9:50 AM IST
Updated at : 4 Apr 2025, 9:50 AM IST

VITEEE 2025 Registration is on till 7 April 2025 at ‘https://viteee.vit.ac.in/’ The application submission process began on 4 November 2024. 

The last date for VITEEE 2025 registration was 31 March 2025 earlier, now it has been extended to 7 April 2025.

Admission Open in Amity for 2025

Those interested in studying graduation in engineering –  BTech in VIT (Vellore Institute of Technology) can aim for VITEEE 2025 registration which is nothing applying for the exam.

VITEEE 2025 Registration

Candidates who have passed plus two in science stream can take up VITEEE 2025 registration and the exam will be conducted from 21 to 27 April  2025 tentatively.

Students can regularly visit the official website for the exam with the help of URL mentioned above to obtain information and updates.

Admission Open in SRM for 2025

Courses and campuses

Students can take up VITEEE 2025 registration and appear for the exam and pass it with required qualifying marks to be eligible for the counselling to gain admission into engineering courses offered in VIT.

Academic programs in engineering graduation are offered across the institution’s campuses located in Vellore, Chennai, Andhra Pradesh, Bhopal and Mauritius.

VITEEE 2025 Registration Eligibility?

VITEEE 2025 registration eligibility criteria is that applicants must have completed 12 years of schooling with Physics, Chemistry, and either Mathematics, Biology, or Biotechnology as mandatory subjects.

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They should have passed plus two from a recognized educational institution in science stream with subjects as maths, physics and chemistry with 55 percent pass marks at the minimum.

Those aiming for biotechnology or biology oriented engineering courses, have to pass plus two with biology/biotechnology, physics and chemistry as subjects to be eligible for VITEEE 2025 registration.

Students must ensure that they are fulfilling all the required VITEEE 2025 registration eligibility criteria before taking up VITEEE 2025 registration to avoid rejections at a later stage.

 With a limited window for applications, interested students are encouraged to register promptly and prepare for this competitive exam.

Admission Open in VIT for 2025
VITEEE 2025 Registration

VITEEE 2025 registration process is mentioned below for the sake of the students:

  1. Type the URL mentioned above in the browser and submit it to allow the website to download
  2. Once the webpage is ready, candidates can know all the information about the exam.
  3. After knowing about the exam, candidates can provide details like their name, age, email and other details and press Signup button to create an account.
  4. After creating an account, candidates can come up to the same webpage with URL ‘https://viteee.vit.ac.in/’ and press Login button to enter and commence VITEEE 2025 registration process.

VITEEE 2025 registration Link is here

VITEEE 2025 Registration Fees

VITEEE 2025 registration fee is Rs 1350, they must pay this while applying for the exam. The application form can be submitted after paying the VITEEE 2025 registration fee.

Admit card

Candidates who have completed their VITEEE 2025 registration alone can download the admit card for appearing for the exam. The process to download the admit card is mentioned below for the sake of the students:

  1. Type the URL ‘https://viteee.vit.ac.in/’ in the browser and allow the webpage to download.
  2. Once the webpage is ready, candidates have to click the link for admit card.
  3. Clicking the link will likely open another webpage.
  4. When another webpage opens, candidates can enter their application number and other information to obtain the hall ticket.
  5. Once the hall ticket is visible, candidates can download it and take a printout.
Point to remember

Candidates looking towards appearing for the exam at a test center have to download the admit card, those choosing to appear through remote proctored mode (if available) may not need to download the hall ticket, they can book the slot and appear for the test from anywhere.

Students can visit the official website to obtain information about the availability of option to take up the exam in remote proctored mode.

After VITEEE 2025 registration

Students have to appear for the exam and pass it with required qualifying marks to be eligible for participating in the counselling process.

Counselling is where the candidates can choose the course and college to study it. Selection will be done likely on the basis of performance in VITEEE, performance in qualifying exam, availability of seats, existing demand for various courses.

Those who get the seat can convey their acceptance and pay the fees and join the institution for classes.

VITEEE 2025 Registration

VIT has released the VITEEE 2025 exam pattern. More details about this are available on the official website also which is mentioned above.

For quicker glance, the exam pattern for VITEEE 2025 is mentioned below.

VITEEE for B.E/B.Tech programs will have a total of 125 questions constituting 125 marks. The no. of questions is given as Mathematics/Biology-40 questions, Physics-35 questions, Chemistry-35 questions, Aptitude-10 questions and English-5 questions.

Vellore Institute of Technology will conduct VITEEE 2025 exam for 2 hours and 30 minutes duration.

All the questions shall be multiple choice type; each correct answer shall have one mark and there is no negative marking for incorrect ones. 

Candidates who are wishing to take up science oriented courses have to attempt questions related to maths, physics and chemistry.

Those keen on biology or biotechnology oriented engineering courses have to attempt questions from biology, physics and chemistry. English and Aptitude questions are compulsory along with maths/biology, physics and chemistry.

Such candidates will not get any chance to attend the counselling process. Out of the total 125 questions, the sections include mathematics/biology (40), physics (35), chemistry (35), aptitude (10), and English (5).

The paper will be in English language. The VITEEE Exam pattern for B.Tech. can be checked from the details given below: 

MPCEA

Subject No.of Questions
Mathematics 40
Physics 35
Chemistry 35
English 5
Aptitude 10

BPCEA

Subject No.of Questions
Biology 40
Physics 35
Chemistry 35
English 5
Aptitude 10

Exam Duration : 2 Hours and 30 Minutes

Post preparation

Candidates have to appear for VITEEE 2025 and then pass it with required qualifying marks to be eligible for the next phase of the admission process.

The phase after written exam is counselling, those who have passed the written exam with required qualifying marks can take part in the counselling where candidates get to choose the college and course they wish to study.

Counselling is usually conducted in more than one round, those who get a seat in the initial rounds can pay the fees and join the classes.

Students who don’t get a seat in the first round can try in the subsequent rounds. Selection of candidates will be done on criteria like performance in the qualifying exam, performance in the written test, availability of seats in each course, demand for each course, choice of the candidates.

S.
S. Vishnu Sharma

S Vishnu Sharmaa now works with collegechalo.com in the news team. His work involves writing articles related to the education sector in India with a keen focus on higher education issues. Journalism has always been a passion for him. He has more than 10 years of enriching experience with various media organizations like Eenadu, Webdunia, News Today, Infodea. He also has a strong interest in writing about defence and railway related issues.



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