Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) plays an important role in the early identification of HR with high diagnostic accuracy, which is cheap, portable, non-invasive, time-efficient and demands fewer resources, say sources from IIT Jodhpur.

And, has been co-authored by Ms. Supriya Suman, PhD research Scholar, Interdisciplinary Research Division: Smart Health Care, IIT Jodhpur, Dr. Anil Kumar Tiwari, Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Jodhpur, Mr. Tejas Ingale, 4th Year – BTech Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Jodhpur, and Dr. Kuldeep Singh, Professor, Department of Paediatrics, AIIMS Jodhpur.

According to a recent World Health Organization (WHO) survey, around 1.13 billion people in developing nations suffer from hypertension, say sources from IIT Jodhpur.

Hypertensive Retinopathy (HR) is a retinal disease caused by hypertension for a prolonged period of time.

HR is a bio-marker for a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular risks and target-organ damage, say sources from IIT Jodhpur.

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Early detection and treatment can prevent blindness as it may even lead to loss of vision. In the initial stage of this retinal disease, no visible signs are found, say sources from IIT Jodhpur.

Through regular screening of patients, it can only be prevented. The proposed method will play an important role in the early identification of Hypertensive Retinopathy with high diagnostic accuracy.

Identifying early-stage HR patients will help in the timely and proper treatment before it starts damaging several other organs of the body, including the kidney, heart, brain, and eyes, say sources from IIT Jodhpur.

The method obtained average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision of 98.44%, 98.44%, 98.44%, 98.44%, and 98.48%, respectively, say sources from IIT Jodhpur.

This system can be used specially in emergency treatment by the physicians, neurologists, and ophthalmologists, said Prof Anil of IIT Jodhpur.

Scope

The future scope of this research includes the severity grading of HR and several other retinal disease diagnoses including papilledema, glaucoma, Age related Macular Degeneration (AMD), and other non-ocular diseases, say sources from IIT Jodhpur.

The research was done in collaboration with All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur and was funded by the Ministry of Education, Government of India.

The Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Health Care program by IIT Jodhpur-AIIMS Jodhpur facilitated collaborative research, enabling interdisciplinary teams of doctors and engineers to unite in the pursuit of technological advancements in healthcare.

This synergy aims to bring about positive impacts on a broader scale, particularly benefiting patients in remote areas with limited access to healthcare facilities, say sources from IIT Jodhpur.

About IIT Jodhpur

The Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur was established in 2008, to foster technology education and research in India.

The institute is committed to technological thought and action to benefit the economic development of India.

Scholarship in teaching and learning; scholarship in research and creative accomplishments; and relevance to industry are three driving forces for us at the institution.

It functions from its sprawling residential Permanent Campus of 852 acres on National Highway 62, North-Northwest of Jodhpur towards Nagaur.

This campus is meticulously planned and envisioned to stand as a symbol of academics. A large parcel of the Permanent Campus (of about 182 acres) is set aside for the development of a Technology Park to strengthen institute-industry interactions.

The institute is committed to a multidisciplinary approach of technology development. The institution, with its excellent track record of designing multi-disciplinary and transdisciplinary programs, has initiated the formation of Transdisciplinary Centres of Excellence.

This is for those who are interested in a career in the three armed forces of India – Army, Navy and Air Force.

An effort that is highly valuable, to get an opportunity to make that effort one has to pass NDA and NA exam and to pass that one needs a good study plan, this is where NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation comes into the picture.

Exam pattern

The first thing to do is to understand the exam pattern, this is really essential, understanding how the exam is conducted will help students form a good NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation strategy. Pattern of the exam is:

Before diving into NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation, it’s crucial to understand the exam pattern. The test consists of two sections:

1. Mathematics: 300 marks
2. General Ability Test: 600 marks

The total duration of the exam is 5 hours, and the questions are multiple-choice based.

Creating a NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation Plan

To develop an effective NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation plan, follow these steps:

1. Set realistic goals: Break down your study material into manageable chunks, and set achievable goals for each study session.

2. Identify your weaknesses: Focus on improving your weak areas, and allocate more time to those subjects.

3. Allocate time wisely: Divide your study time into two sections: Mathematics and General Ability Test.

Study Materials for NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation

To aid your NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation, utilize the following study materials:

1. NCERT textbooks: Focus on NCERT textbooks for Mathematics and General Ability Test, as they provide a solid foundation.

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3. Online resources: Utilize online resources like Khan Academy, Unacademy, and BYJU’S for additional study materials.

Practice and Revision for NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation

Practice and revision are crucial components of NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation. Follow these tips:

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3. Create revision notes: Create concise revision notes for each subject, highlighting key concepts and formulas.

Time Management for NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation

Effective time management is essential for NDA and NA Exam preparation. Follow these tips:

1. Create a schedule: Plan out your study schedule in advance, allocating specific times for each subject.

2. Use time-blocking: Divide your study time into focused blocks, eliminating distractions during each block.

3. Take breaks: Take regular breaks to avoid burnout and maintain a healthy work-life balance.

Staying Motivated for NDA and NA Exam Preparation

Staying motivated is crucial for NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation. Follow these tips:

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Final Tips for NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation

1. Stay consistent: Consistency is key to success in NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation.

2. Practice under timed conditions: Practice solving questions under timed conditions to improve your speed and accuracy.

3. Stay positive: Maintain a positive attitude throughout your preparation journey.

By incorporating these final tips into your NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation strategy, you’ll be well on your way to achieving success.

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