Team of researchers led by Prof. Uday Narayan Maiti, Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati, the findings of this research have been published in the prestigious journal, “Small” (published by Wiley-VCH).

Supercapacitors

Supercapacitors, akin to batteries, serve as energy storage devices. However, unlike batteries that rely on chemical reactions, supercapacitors store energy through the electrostatic field – the separation of charges.

Powering quick-charging devices such as digital cameras and LED flashlights, supercapacitors boast charging times as short as 90 seconds, say sources from IIT Guwahati.

They prove indispensable in applications requiring bursts of power over short periods, such as defibrillators used for heart stabilization and power stabilization in devices like laptops, say sources from IIT Guwahati.

Challenges

Despite their exceptional energy storage properties, supercapacitors face challenges in widespread commercialization. For any supercapacitor technology to achieve commercial success, it must simultaneously meet three critical performance metrics:

· Gravimetric capacitance

· Volumetric capacitance

· Areal capacitance

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However, achieving high areal capacitance necessitates large amounts of energy-storing active materials for the electrodes, resulting in a trade-off with volumetric and gravimetric capacitances, say sources from IIT Guwahati.

Tackling the challenge

To tackle this challenge, Prof. Maiti’s team introduced a composite electrode comprising MXene and bio-waste-derived cellulose nanofibers (CNF).

MXenes represent two-dimensional inorganic materials comprising extremely thin layers of transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides, say sources from IIT Guwahati.

In this study, the team used a novel electric-field guided method to assemble these extremely thin and small nanomaterials to form the electrodes.

Nanofibers, on the other hand, are filaments 100,000 times thinner than human hair.

These nanofibers were strategically included to overcome the performance trade-off with very high mass loading electrode.

Impressive capacitance

Prof. Uday Narayan Maiti from the Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati, said that these MXene-CNF-hydrogel-derived electrodes exhibit impressively high areal and volumetric capacitance with very high areal mass loading more than 70 mg/cm2.

They maintain 96% of their capacitance after 20,000 charge-discharge cycles, showcasing robust long-term operational stability, said Prof Uday of IIT Guwahati.

MXene Sheets

The researchers assembled MXene sheets into porous hydrogel structures – gels that retain a significant amount of water. They found that dehydration of these hydrogels resulted in the creation of blocked localized pores.

The introduction of CNFs derived from garlic husk interconnected the pores and facilitated ion transport, say researchers from IIT Guwahati.

Practical supercapacitors

Practical supercapacitors boasting high aerial, volumetric, and gravimetric capacitance hold promise for applications in electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and consumer electronics, heralding significant advancements in energy storage technology.

ABOUT IIT GUWAHATI

Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, established in 1994, completed 25 years of glorious existence in 2019.

At present, the Institute has eleven departments, nine interdisciplinary academic centres and five schools.

They cover all the major engineering, science, healthcare, management, and humanities disciplines, offering BTech, BDes, BSc(Hons), MA, MDes, MTech, MSc, MS(R), MBA and PhD programmes.

The institute offers a residential campus to 439 faculty members and more than 8,600 students at present.

IIT Guwahati has retained the 7th position among the best engineering institutions of the country and 9th position in both ‘Overall’ and ‘Research’ Categories in the ‘India Rankings 2023’ declared by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) of the Union Ministry of Education.

This is for those who are interested in a career in the three armed forces of India – Army, Navy and Air Force.

An effort that is highly valuable, to get an opportunity to make that effort one has to pass NDA and NA exam and to pass that one needs a good study plan, this is where NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation comes into the picture.

Exam pattern

The first thing to do is to understand the exam pattern, this is really essential, understanding how the exam is conducted will help students form a good NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation strategy. Pattern of the exam is:

Before diving into NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation, it’s crucial to understand the exam pattern. The test consists of two sections:

1. Mathematics: 300 marks
2. General Ability Test: 600 marks

The total duration of the exam is 5 hours, and the questions are multiple-choice based.

Creating a NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation Plan

To develop an effective NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation plan, follow these steps:

1. Set realistic goals: Break down your study material into manageable chunks, and set achievable goals for each study session.

2. Identify your weaknesses: Focus on improving your weak areas, and allocate more time to those subjects.

3. Allocate time wisely: Divide your study time into two sections: Mathematics and General Ability Test.

Study Materials for NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation

To aid your NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation, utilize the following study materials:

1. NCERT textbooks: Focus on NCERT textbooks for Mathematics and General Ability Test, as they provide a solid foundation.

2. Reference books: Supplement your NCERT textbooks with reference books like RS Aggarwal, RD Sharma, and Lucent.

3. Online resources: Utilize online resources like Khan Academy, Unacademy, and BYJU’S for additional study materials.

Practice and Revision for NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation

Practice and revision are crucial components of NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation. Follow these tips:

1. Take mock tests: Regularly take mock tests to assess your knowledge, identify weak areas, and improve your time management skills.

2. Practice previous year’s papers: Practice previous year’s papers to get familiar with the exam pattern and question types.

3. Create revision notes: Create concise revision notes for each subject, highlighting key concepts and formulas.

Time Management for NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation

Effective time management is essential for NDA and NA Exam preparation. Follow these tips:

1. Create a schedule: Plan out your study schedule in advance, allocating specific times for each subject.

2. Use time-blocking: Divide your study time into focused blocks, eliminating distractions during each block.

3. Take breaks: Take regular breaks to avoid burnout and maintain a healthy work-life balance.

Staying Motivated for NDA and NA Exam Preparation

Staying motivated is crucial for NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation. Follow these tips:

1. Remind yourself of your goals: Keep your goals in mind, and remind yourself why you’re working towards NDA and NA Exam 2025.

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Final Tips for NDA and NA Exam 2025 Preparation

1. Stay consistent: Consistency is key to success in NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation.

2. Practice under timed conditions: Practice solving questions under timed conditions to improve your speed and accuracy.

3. Stay positive: Maintain a positive attitude throughout your preparation journey.

By incorporating these final tips into your NDA and NA Exam 2025 preparation strategy, you’ll be well on your way to achieving success.

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