As the world looks to move towards a sustainable future and economies everywhere try to reduce their carbon footprint, the future of companies that rely on excessive emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) remains uncertain, say sources from IIM Bangalore and IIT Guwahati.

IIT Guwahati and IIM Bangalore make great breakthrough

An extensive data analysis of over 200 of the largest listed companies in the American market was carried out by the researchers from IIM Bangalore and IIT Guwahati.

Who were the part of the research team? The Research Team included Professor Siddhartha Pratim Chakrabarty, Department of Mathematics and the Mehta Family School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, IIT Guwahati along with Professor Sankarshan Basu from the Department of Finance and Accounting, IIM Bangalore and Mr. Suryadeep to Nag, a BS-MS student from IISER Pune.

The findings of the research team from IIM Bangalore and IIT Guwahati were published in ‘arXiv,’ a curated research-sharing platform maintained by a team at Cornell University of USA.

The link to the paper can be found at ‘https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06518’

Researchers from IIM Bangalore and IIT Guwahati found that most of these companies (71.6%) had shown a decrease in their carbon emissions in the 2016-2019 period.

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However, the correlation with expenses was found to be slightly less than that with revenue, which they attribute to the higher expenses of switching to renewable energy sources.

Professor Siddhartha Pratim Chakrabarty highlighted the important findings of this research by IIM Bangalore or IIT Guwahati.

‘On analyzing the data of annual stock returns, along with data of GHG emissions and other financial data (revenue, debt, and book value, among others), it was found that there exists a ‘carbon risk premium’ in the stock returns, which means in the short term, higher carbon emissions are found to be inflating the price of the stocks, said Professor Siddhartha.

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Professor Siddhartha is with Department of Mathematics and Mehta Family School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence at IIT Guwahati.

It was found that a higher carbon footprint gave higher returns to investors in the short term, he said.

If this happens, companies will begin losing profits, and in the case of extreme regulations, may even go into debt or bankruptcy, and the value of their shares may plummet, say sources from IIT Guwahati.

This could result in severe losses for investors, and the ensuing sell-offs could lead to other losses in the broader market.

While the estimation of the risk premium has been carried out multiple times in the last few years, there has not been much progress in quantifying future risks, until now.

The researchers studied the risk for different scenarios for when the regulations or ‘carbon transition’ may happen and find a formula for the maximum exposure of each firm to the transition for different times in the future.

For one family of arrival processes (models for when the transition will happen), they find that the price of the average stock in their data could fall (at most) by 20.65% at the transition, if the transition is expected to happen in 10 years’ time from now, and 41.3% if the transition is expected to happen 20 years from now, say researchers from IIT Guwahati.

The researchers also demonstrate the different scenarios in which investors could profit from the premium-risk tradeoff as well and show the cases in which it is more profitable to hold on to a stock for the premiums and those where it is more profitable to sell or short the shares.

Needless to say, studying medicine at graduation starts with passing NEET UG 2025, Biology is one of the important subjects from which lot of questions would be asked in the exam.

Having a plan is not that easy, there is a lot of effort that goes behind it, one has to know the subject, they have to know what kind of questions would be asked in the test, what to study and how to study and so on.

While this story on studying Biology for NEET UG 2025 is focused on NEET UG to be held in 2025, however, the real essence of this story is not limited to NEET UG for 2025 alone, it is broadly applicable to studying the subject for the competitive exam to held every year.

More details about studying Biology for NEET UG 2025 is mentioned below for the sake of the students:

Understanding the NEET UG Biology Syllabus

Before diving into Biology or moving towards studying biology for NEET UG 2025, it’s essential to understand the NEET UG 2025 syllabus. The Biology section is divided into two parts:

1. Botany: 47 questions

2. Zoology: 53 questions

Plan for Studying Biology For NEET UG 2025

To develop an effective study plan for NEET UG Biology, follow these steps:

1. Set realistic goals: Break down your study material into manageable chunks, and set achievable goals for each study session.

2. Identify your weaknesses: Focus on improving your weak areas, and allocate more time to those topics.

3. Allocate time wisely: Divide your study time into two sections: Botany and Zoology.

To aid your NEET UG Biology preparation, utilize the following study materials:

1. NCERT textbooks: Focus on NCERT textbooks for Botany and Zoology, as they provide a solid foundation.

2. Reference books: Supplement your NCERT textbooks with reference books like MTG, Arihant, and Cengage.

3. Online resources: Utilize online resources like Khan Academy, Unacademy, and BYJU’S for additional study materials.

Tips for Studying Biology for NEET UG 2025

Here are some tips to help studying Biology NEET UG 2025:

1. Understand the concepts: Focus on understanding the underlying concepts rather than just memorizing facts.

2. Use diagrams and illustrations: Diagrams and illustrations can help you visualize complex biological processes and retain information better.

3. Practice, practice, practice: Practice solving questions and taking mock tests to assess your knowledge and identify weak areas.

4. Review and revise regularly: Regular review and revision are crucial to retaining information and building a strong foundation in Biology.

Important Topics For Studying Biology For NEET UG 2025

What are to be studied in biology as a part of preparation for NEET UG? The answers are provided below and students studying Biology for NEET UG 2025 must remember these topics:

1. Cell Biology: Cell structure, cell division, and cell signaling.

2. Genetics: Mendel’s laws, DNA structure, and gene expression.

3. Evolution: Charles Darwin’s theory, natural selection, and speciation.

4. Ecology: Ecosystems, biodiversity, and environmental issues.

5. Human Physiology: Human body systems, organs, and tissues.

Remember to stay focused, motivated, and committed to your goals. With persistence and perseverance, one will achieve success in NEET UG 2025.

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